Wilson and Herrnstein's theory

The attempt by Wilson and Herrnstein to cook a comprehensive theory of criminal expression from an individualistic perspective. The theorists did not concentrate on situational f impressors that might be fortuitous but instead examined criminality, or individual characteristics leading to the passion to commit criminal acts. They argued that crime was a rational natural selection, a preferred course of action developed through a consideration of the cost and benefits:

The important thing, they noted, is to specify how the pains and losings are perceived by the individual, how they are weighed and combined, how they are discounted depending on whether they are experienced immediately or in the future, and how these aspects of choice are related to the individual's physical, intellectual, and social attributes.

Wilson and Herrnstein's view of crime as a rational choice based on gains and losings was much criticized. Katz would perhaps argue with the types of variables Wilson and Herrnstein examine in cost of what the criminal uses as criteria for determining what sort of behavior to submit in, and in particular katz would not see crime as a matter of rational choice in the route that Wilson and Herrnstein develop the concept. Yet, Katz does see that the criminal engages in criminal behavior because he or she gets more out of it than they put in, at least in their view. They do not balance the competing interests of be and benefits to arrive at a finis, however, but inste

The types of process noted by Katz, both in general call and in terms of his description of aggroup activity, are exemplified in the movie GoodFellas, a film in which the main character makes a choice based on environmental considerations and repartees rather than the rational action of weighing be and rewards. Costs and rewards may enter into the equation at few point, as when the criminal attempts to justify a specific act or to determine a specific course of action. The decision to engage in criminal activity itself, however, is an environmental response in this movie. The young man who lives across the street from the coming upon place of gangsters sees the gangster life in certain terms and wants to become part of it.

He becomes socialized to it over prison term as he is exposed to it as a grow with its own rules and with rewards that are seductive. The young man does not encumbrance costs and benefits so much as he accepts the benefits as part of a lifestyle which al styluss has certain costs. Those costs are borne by the various members of the gang essentially as a part of the cost of doing business. There is no confirmation effect in punishment in this world, and punishment is in fact incorporated as an element of the subculture, something to be endured deep down the conext of criminality rather than as an external force move one away from a rational choice to be a criminal. The subculture itself operates to alleviate and even reward the process of enduirng punishment. The low time the young man is arrested, the subculture enters to alleviate the problem for him. As an adult, a longer sentence is served in a way that reinforces membership in the subculture rather than acting as a deterrent to membership in that subculture.

By developing ship canal of being alien, adolescents can move positively beyond the negativity of a tough posture without abandoning it and without embracing respectable conventions.

These subculturally vary devices for producing a veneer of
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